Movement in 3D

This graph allows the visualization of animal movement in space (x, y) and time (z). Note that, in this way, trajectories of animals returning to same locations (e.g. showing homing behavior) do not overlap because the z axis.


Reference Cushman, S. A., Chase, M. and Griffin, C. 2005. Elephants in space and time. Oikos 109: 331-341. (download pdf) (IngentaConnect)